As Zimbabwe’s President Robert Mugabe fights to maintain his grip on power, there are fears of a new wave of violence against his opponents. Orla Guerin reports from Zimbabwe, despite a ban on the BBC.

Zimbabwe’s opposition said on Tuesday eight more of its members were murdered in the last three days to bring to 32 the total number killed in political violence since March. Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) party spokesman Nelson Chamisa said the latest deaths were reported in Mashonaland Central and Midlands provinces and in Harare as political violence – that began after the opposition defeated President Robert Mugabe’s government in the March 29 polls – threatens to engulf the entire nation. Chamisa said in Gokwe area in Midlands province, a senior army official, who locals were able to identify only as Major Moyo, was leading a ruling Zanu PF youth gang that had unleashed terror and murder in the area over the past week. "Today, the MDC received two reports of deaths in Gokwe Nembudziya following a week of unprecedented violence in the area. The Zanu PF militia led by one Major Moyo from the Zimbabwe National Army is perpetrating the violence," said Chamisa. The MDC spokesman said the Zanu PF militias last Sunday night murdered two members of the opposition party, Isaac Danda and another one identified only as Gomwe, as punishment for not supporting Mugabe.

Read the full story

Mbeki, the biggest political embarrassment on the world stage, is supposedly in Zimbabwe to help broker a solution to the crisis. It’s as impartial as asking Tony Blair to arrange a deal between George Bush and Osama bin Laden. Few outside the apologists who seem so prevalent in south African politics believe Mbeki has any credibility or impartiality.

He is being used to give credibility to both Mugabe and his election. South African monitors will again say everything is hunky dory even as the beaten bodies of the MDC supporters are carried past them. In his own way, Mbeki is every bit as responsible for the genocide inside Zimbabwe as Mugabe.

Yesterday it was revealed that the loathsome war veterans were being equipped with police uniforms so they could get inside polling stations with no other intention that to intimidate MDC supporters. The whole weight of the state is being unleashed in a final bid to maintain Mugabe’s dictatorship.

Disana aku ketemu temen-temen lama (farid cs), senior2 lama (om itok dan om fores), adik-adik lama (tetriz cs), dan adik-adik yang baru ketemu saat itu (aku lali jenenge siji-siji tapi i lovu u all (n full) dech,..thanks for the jagung bakar n kopi plus smiling faces), dan kami semua bercengkerama layaknya dulu kala (maksude apa ki njul???,...) acara diawali dengan basa-basi ramah tamah (bahasa kerenne (baca: keren, bukan kere:miskin) ice-breaking (seharusnya ditulis miring karena istilah asing cuman aku gak tahu gimana caranya nulis miring di e-mail)) agar kita saling akrab sepanjang sore,...

Maleme mulailah acara inti dengan hiburan dari mas condhol dengan jari-jari lentiknya dan om-om alumni paduan suara ikasu dengan suara minyak bumi-nya (harga minyak bumi lebih mahal dari emas lho,..)
tengah malam barulah dilaksanakan acara berbagi pengalaman dari para alumni sesudah lulus (terutama cah 99 dan 2001, yang lain kagak nongol) dan diikuti dengan diskusi non formal dengan adik-adik, tengahnya tengah malem baru om itok karo om fores dateng guna berbagi pengalamannya (dan motivasinya: LUAR BIASA!!!) juga,... tak lupa hidangan berupa jagung bakar diajukan didepan mahkamah kelaparan yang segera melahapnya dengan gaya lapindo (baca: pengungsi) acara berlangsung hingga pagi hari (bintaltab banget dech,..) trus kita semua tidur bersama (tapi tempatnya pisah-pisah lho, kecuali om yan-yan yang ditinggal tidur di luar sendirian sedangkan temen-temen yang lain pada tidur di kasur empuk he he sory yan,...)

Pagi harinya sesudah bangun n sarapan acara berbagi dilanjutkan dengan detil sedikit teknis (kisah-kisah berminyak yang serba licin) oleh om farid dan om gintul, tak lupa pula ditambahi dengan pengalaman system ISO gaya USG oleh om condhol dan om yan-yan dengan tambahan dari om gultom, om nanang dan penulis sendiri (kayaknya dua nama terakhir cuman memperkeruh suasana dech, kagak ada mangpaatnya ama sekali,...)

Acara juga berisi berbagi cerita dan curhat soal kondisi MDC serta masalah-masalah yang dihadapi para anggota sekarang, sebuah forum yang salah sasaran dan tidak menyelesaikan masalah mengingat para alumni yang ada saat itu adalah KAMI gitu loch (ngerti dewe lah bagaimana kami kalau kumpul, he he,..)

Secara keseluruhan acara ini (menurutku sih) adalah acara yang menarik dan patut untuk diagendakan lagi di hari-hari depan,... format acaranya tidak harus formal atau harus nginep di villa namun bisa diadakan dimana saja yang penting adalah keberadaan jagung baker dan kopi yang tidak boleh tidak harus (baca: HARUS alias [h/a/r/u/s]) ada,...

Pada intinya acara ini adalah acara semacam parent's day di luar negeri sana dimana ortu murid (dalam hal ini para alumni) dipersilahkan berbagi cerita tentang profesi atau bisnis atau cerita hidupnya kepada adik-adik agar dapat menambah wawasan mereka,.. biar menarik menurut saya (yang mungkin salah) alumni yang terlibat sebaiknya seluas mungkin bidang yang digelutinya (termasuk mereka yang belum menggeluti bidang apapun juga) agar wawasan yang didapat tidak selebar daun lamun tapi bisa lebih luas dari bentangan sirip ikan pari (kok perumpaane wagu sih,..)

Waktunya bisa kapan saja tergantung longgarnya jadwal alumni yang bersangkutan (tidak harus banyak tapi satu dua alumni yang bisa gak papa, yang penting kan ilmu yang dibaginya) frekuensi pengadaannya pun (seperti ide om itok) dapat berlangsung sebanyak-banyaknya (makin banyak makin baik) kalau perlu tiap minggu (berlebih dech njul), intinya tergantung adik-adik pengin belajar apa maka kalau alumni yang ingin diundang bisa jalan aja langsung,... manfaat yang diharapkan dari acara semacam ini adalah bagi adik-adik dapat memperoleh wawasan ke depan (kan tadi udah ditulis njul,...) sedangkan bagi alumni dapat refreshing (baca: piknik) dari kehidupan rutinitasnya (kalo acaranya di villa kayak kemarin) serta mendapat kesempatan membagi ilmu n pengalaman (kata pak ustadz dapat pahala) dan juga kesempatan menengok rumah lamanya yaitu almamater tercinta universitas MDC jurusan ilmu persahabatan (Home Sweet Home-lah),.. .

Sekedar usul (yang pasti ngawur) bagiamana kalau kegiatan itu diberi nama FORJABA yang kepanjanganya adalah Forum Jagung Bakar [sesuai dengan sejarah awalnya di Bandungan kemarin tanggal 19-20 April 2008] namun agar lebih terkesan serius (di mata orang luar terutama) aku usul nama itu diberi kepanjangan FORum Jaringan Aumni berBAgi,... (wagu banget ya??!??)

Ini semua sekedar usul lho, tidak harus ditanggapi kok,....

Salam damai lagi
sorry kalau kepanjangan dan berlebihan,. ..

Penulis: om panjul (MDC VII)

when i moved to scotland from the backwaters of anchorage, alaska at the ripe old age of 16, i almost imploded with delight at the prospect of seeing some of the bands i grew up listening to live. in alaska (as many of my never-ending stories start) the same three bands used to play every saturday night, perhaps with a different running order if they were feeling funky. in the two years i lived there, no major band played an all-ages show. while that meant the pit in most of the shows was completely mental, full of thrashing kids who knew all the words to all the songs, you couldn't help but yearn for that band you dance to in front of your mirror to play a show.

but there is always a grey cloud accompanying the silver lining, and in my years living in edinburgh, i have had many unfortunate experiences of seeing a great band totally suck live. it doesn't ruin the band's music for me, but it slightly unravels the legend woven in my head.

then comes a great band whose live show pummels you. mdc are one of them. being a massive fan of 80s hardcore, especially bands who live the message they preach, i shat myself when i found out they were playing a small pub in kirkcaldy. my mate nips and i jumped in his nissan micra hairdryer and made the roadtrip from edinburgh to kirkcaldy. using my honed navigation skills (i.e. holding the map the wrong way up until nips pointed out the words were upside down) we rocked up to the path tavern with massive cheesers spread across our face.

mdc were touring with three original members: dave dictor (vocals), ron ponser (guitar), and al schvitz (drums). some guy named mike smith was playing bass, i'm not sure of his relation to the band and who he's played with before.

a couple of unrememberable bands played, edinburgh's down to kill did a killer set and then the mandatory 80s flag was hung up, and mdc assembled on stage.

and kicked ass. barely pausing between songs, their 45 minute set had them all: john wayne was a nazi, i remember, dick for brains, i hate work, my family is a little wierd.... i danced the whole show and almost passed out, gasping for breath. once one classic ended, the next begun. every song was so tight, the p.a. was loud and the new bassist took the bass for a walk down main street.

at the end, i got a free shirt from dictor as i had been in the pit the whole time. i felt this was fair considering every bared inch of flesh was covered in greasy-metal-dude sweat from rubbing up against people. when i returned to edinburgh, i was still able to wring perspiration out of my shirt.

im getting goosebumps just recalling it all. it was perfect. i ended up going down to bolton, england, the next day to catch them again at the all-dayer.

moral of the story: don't become a cynical bastard. you'll never have fun.

HEADS UP:

show at bannermans friday 9 may. doors 8pm. certain death, peep show, the dirty pickups. 4 pounds in. It’s a fundraiser for auld reekie roller girls with raffle prizes and a “cookie fest”.

s.x.p.p. all-dayer at Carlton Studios saturday 10 may. 12:30pm to 3am. loadsa bands with the u.k. subs headlining. 17 pounds in. come get drunk.

TURN IT UP AND TUNE OUT:

only cuz i totally have the taste for them now, but stick on mdc - millions of dead cops/more dead cops. once the bass line of the first version of john wayne was a nazi thuds on, you find you have to listen to it like 15 times.

After its elections last month, the people of Zimbabwe continue to lose battles against inflation, AIDS, and for many of the basic minimum requirements for physical survival. Zanu PF party concedes they have lost the elections, but Mr Mugabe continues to cling to the Presidency. There are no winners in Zimbabwe yet

[These notes were compiled over the month of April 2008]

Some years ago on a visit to that beautiful country, I found that inflation in Zimbabwe was already taking off. I still have a twenty (Zim) dollar bill from that time. It is now worth roughly one millionth of a US dollar. The inflation is more than a match for that experienced in Weimar Germany in the 1920s- 1930s.

Lucie Powell in The Guardian drew on her direct experience to sketch the scale of the human disaster in Zimbabwe. She arrived at an estimate of two million people who have fled Mugabe’s regime.

David Miliband was to offer an estimate of twice that, in the commons debate (see below).

A Week in Politics

One week after the elections, external reports have widely reported that Morgan Tsvangirai, leader of the opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) had won by a small but decisive margin over President Robert Mugabe. But the six days limit to announcing the result came and went [on Friday, April 4th 2008].

In the UK a Parliamentary debate was the first for a while that seemed genuinely focussed on this issues, and was remarkably free of point-scoring. It was a good and dignified performance from David Miliband .

In essence, the debate accepted that this was no time for political gestures, but one in which behind-the-scenes efforts were going on from the key areas around the world, but particularly within Africa itself.

No one in the House would want me to hand ZANU-PF a propaganda coup by endorsing one candidate or another, or by taking it on myself to announce the result. In truth, in spite of what President Mugabe would want the world to believe, the crisis in Zimbabwe has never been about personalities. … It is, and has always been, about the policies that Robert Mugabe and his Government have chosen to follow and the terrible destruction that has been wreaked on the Zimbabwean people.
…The situation preceding these elections was shocking. The conditions for free and fair elections were certainly not in place. The playing field was tilted heavily in favour of ZANU-PF. Up to 4 million people who had fled Zimbabwe’s crisis could not vote. In some areas, [many] who tried to vote were frustrated by an inaccurate electoral roll. We will probably never know how many dead people on that roll cast ghost votes. … if a second round of voting is deemed necessary, it must be held in a way that gives far greater respect not just to our standards but to the Southern African Development Community electoral standards. We remain in contact with our SADC partners on the issue

The theme of the discredited leader made quite an impact on me. In my scribbled notes at the time:

‘Miliband argued that the weakened leader in Zimbabwe should now step down. Maybe as they listened some members of his party were reflecting on whether pressure could also be applied in the UK for replacing another weakened leader …’

The BBC offered a clear summary of why Mugabe’s claims of vote rigging appeared no more than delaying tactics:

In the parliamentary race, the MDC count is almost exactly the same as the official results, suggesting that there was little or no ballot-box stuffing after ballots were cast. Furthermore, in some seats the MDC won by a handful of votes - again suggesting that the count was fair.

A week after the election the delaying tactics that many commentators feared became even more obvious.

The Huffington Post explored two rumours emerging from the country:

[The first rumor is that] President Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe has agreed to a run-off election. The date that I have heard bantered about is April 19th. There are text messages flying across the continent and various groups ramping up to ensure Zimbabweans get out and vote the tyrant out of the office..

The other rumor …is that [Mugabe] is busy filling bags of currency as he raids the treasury. The suggestion is that he will leave the country. This would be great for Zimbabweans in many ways. Yet if he does this, there are major concerns that he will not leave a single Zimbabwe dollar for the country's recovery.

I was reaching a similar conclusion, although I'm not sure about the details. Why should the President leave with trainloads of worthless Zim dollars, when the general exit strategy for deposed political figures is to have squirreled away most of what is needed well in advance, in traditionally safer modes of exchange such as gems?

Let’s not assume it was Utopian before Mugabe
According to a 1995 Word Health Organization report on Zimbabwe

"smallholder agriculture expanded rapidly during the first half of the 1980s and social indicators improved quickly." From 1980 to 1990 infant mortality decreased from 86 to 49 per 1000 live births, under five mortality was reduced [by approximately 50%] and immunisation increased from 25% to 80% of the population …child malnutrition fell from 22% to 12%, and life expectancy increased from 56 to 64. By 1990, Zimbabwe had a lower infant mortality rate, higher adult literacy and higher school enrollment rate than average for developing countries”.

The figures also stand as indicator of the plight of the majority of Zimbabweans under the Ian Smith’s regime, and the gains that were initially made after its overthrow.

This point is worth making. A common Western view seems to be that the earlier regime presided over a halcyon era for all, and that everything was immediately worse under Mugabe.

At the time he was seen as the most promising leader for an eventual transition to a more democratic country with a more equitable distribution of resources.

Prospects

Nevertheless, the tragic state of the country today is far worse than when Mr Mugabe came to power. The possibility of a re-birth akin to what happened in neighbouring South Africa seems as remote as the possibility of Robert Mugabe taking a place in history alongside Nelson Mandela, as a wise and successful leader of his people.

Acknowledgement: Image from episcopal website.

The New York Times reports that the opposition party has denounced the officials for accelerating the release of the results before the opposition had any chance to challenge them.

“They did not verify the results,” Mr. Chamisa said. “They did not give us an opportunity to contest the results. They are waylaying the people’s will. Clearly, this is scandalous.

The opposition rejects the results and has been arguing that they won the necessary 50.3% for Mr. Tsvangirai to become the new president. Following the release of the official results however, they have not made these pronouncements publicly. No date has been set for the run-off election.

W tym miejscu tylko krótko i mniej technicznie - w Firefoksie 3 istnieje możliwość zarejestrowania jako mechanizm obsługi protokołu nie tylko aplikacji istniejącej na dysku twardym użytkownika w postaci pliku wykonywalnego (np. Thunderbird dla protokołu "mailto" czy Pidgin albo AdiumX dla protokołu "xmpp"), ale również aplikacji webowej.

Jak to działa? Rejestrujemy protokół, niech to będzie choćby wspomniane mailto. Użytkownik klika klasyczny link: example@example.org i... zamiast Thunderbirda czy Outlooka, Firefox otwiera po prostu jego ulubiony webmail. Dokładnie w ten sam sposób zarejestrować można każdy inny protokół (prawie, z wyjątkiem m. in. http i https).

Co to oznacza dla zwykłego użytkownika? Jeśli na przykład do obsługi wiadomości e-mail zamiast tradycyjnego klienta poczty wolisz używać webowego interfejsu Poczty Interii, OnetPoczty czy też Poczty Wirtualnej Polski, to Firefox 3 da Ci taką możliwość! Klikasz link do e-maila i otwiera Ci się Twój webmail, który automatycznie przechodzi do tworzenia wiadomości i wypełnia pola takie jak "Adresat", "Temat" czy "Kopia" otrzymanymi z linku wartościami.

Co więcej, polska edycja Firefoksa 3 zawiera na liście proponowanych mechanizmów obsługi protokołu mailto właśnie trzy powyższe systemy webmail (wersja angielska - na razie tylko Yahoo). W jednej z kolejnych wersji po wersji 3.0 Mozilla dołączy do Firefoksa także obsługę GMaila, wymaga to jednak jeszcze nieco pracy ze strony Google.

Dopisane później: dla podkreślenia, że tu wcale nie chodzi tylko o mailto... Firefox 3 (polski i angielski) zawiera jeszcze przykładowy handler dla protokołu kalendarza webcal: - 30boxes (niestety, w wersji angielskiej), w kolejnych wersjach powinien dołączyć też Google Calendar i, jeśli tylko taki znajdziemy, jakiś polski odpowiednik. :)

I'll begin with the US declaration of support for Zimbabwe's opposition. While I think it's great that Jendayi Frazier, is finally denouncing the fraud that is Mugabe's government, I have to wonder why it took four weeks to issue a statement on this?! Frazier remarked,

We can't stand back and wait for this to escalate. Everyone knows what time it is.*

If the US hasn't been standing back and waiting for things to escalate, then what the hell have we been doing? In any case, America is ready to play ball now. Ms. Frazier suggested that the human rights situation has gotten so out of hand in Zimbabwe that it is necessary to involve the African Union and the United Nations, as well as other countries. Thanks for telling us something we already knew.

Onwards to coverage of the An Yue Jiang. I've been reading contradictory information about this ship all over the web, and it can pretty much be traced back to one person: Jiang Yu, a Foreign Ministry spokeswoman for China. She was quoted in The New York Times, stating,

The Chinese government has already decided to send the military goods back to China in the same vessel, the An Yue Jiang.

Phew. So the arms are definitely headed back to China. But wait a minute! The BBC quoted Ms. Yu as commenting,

To my knowledge the Chinese company has decided to recall the ship.

Sorry but I'm not willing to rely on the guesstimate of a foreign ministry lackey when it comes to the whereabouts of a ship carrying 77 tons of weapons. Plus, the shipping company could not confirm that the An Yue Jiang was in fact returning to China.

Lots of people are interested and want to know where the ship is headed, but reporting confusing information before the full story is known, doesn't seem to be the best way to go. When I see headlines in the New York Times that read: China May Give Up Attempt to Send Arms to Zimbabwe, I'm kind of like, what? The Chinese "may" give up their attempt? What does that even tell me?

Fortunately some actual reporting happened today, and we now know that the An Yue Jiang is docked in the waters off of Luanda, Angola. What a shocker! The real surprise is how Angola backhanded Mugabe and his cronies by refusing to allow offloading of the weapons. I did not see that one coming! Angola has been a longtime ally of the Mugabe regime, but it appears that they have bowed to the growing regional and international pressure around this issue. 

Finally, Zimbabwe's Electoral Commission released the results of their partial recount, and found no change in the results. This means that the MDC has a parliamentary majority over ZANU PF for the first time in 28 years. ZEC also announced that the presidential results could be announced by Monday. I'll believe it when I see it. Like many other people, I'm positive that the ZEC recount is a delay tactic utilized by ZANU PF to buy time. In the interim, the government has worked to import weapons, cracked down on MDC supporters, and unleashed a stepped-up version of their reign of terror upon the general public. They stand to lose everything if they release the actual results. So what will their next move be? 

With Mugabe having lost the election and his apparent resolve to stay in power come what may (evidenced by his failed attempt to purchase weapons from China) it remains to be seen just how much longer the people of Zimbabwe can put up with this crazy old man before all hell breaks loose and people pour into the streets. It has to happen at some point. Political Science theory says that revolutions happen just when things begin to get better and Rob may have initiated this process by allowing the MDC to win the elections. He could have simply rigged the vote to give himself a clear win - both for the presidency and parliament. But by allowing the MDC to win parliament and the presidency (although a run-off is in the offing) he has shown his people that he is indeed beatable and demystified himself.

The writing is on the wall for Rob and his cronies. But he still has support from a significant segment of the Zimbabwean population and thus any kind of uprising against him will almost inevitably be met with stiff opposition from his supporters. He may be a thug to most non-Zimbabweans but to his country people he is an independence hero who sacrificed a lot for his country. Because of this there is an increasing risk of conflict within the country.

As the international community continues to watch from a distance, (with South African president Mbeki makeing silly statements like this) Zimbabwe keeps moving even closer to the tipping point. I believe total collapse can be avoided by having Rob step down (forcefully if necessary) before it is too late. The alternative is to wait and send in peace keepers after the fact.

The Opposition MDC claims that hundreds have been arrested and are being taken away to be tortured. The people of Zimbabwe still queue for food, petrol and money. All this against a backdrop of a brutal crackdown on Opposition supporters by ZANU-PF supporters, militias and uniformed Zimbabwe police and military.

It is time for the world to act. Arms embargoes are not going to stop the genocide and violence being meted out in Zimbabwe. The UN must send in armed peacekeepers. Enough is enough!

Many things are clear enough now. South African President Thabo Mbeki continues to ignore the violence in Zimbabwe saying "there is no crisis in Zimbabwe", the UN is paralysed by inaction and the MDC and Morgan Tsvangirai have won the elections and Presidency (hence the violent crackdown.)

How much longer do the people of Zimbabwe have to suffer before Robert Mugabe and his cronies are brought to justice.

Sunday is a worldwide day of prayer for Zimbabwe.

Young Zimbabweans in South Africa who were arrested while they tried to petition the Chinese Ambassador to South Africa. They are being deported back to Zimbabwe and need help.

The MDC offices in Harare have been trashed by the riot police (below) and many, many people who have already lost their homes and were seeking shelter and medical care have been taken away.

Zimbabwe may be on the UN Security Council meeting on Tuesday. South Africa has promised not to object. Now attention is turning to the countries who have blocked discussion of Zimbabwe in the past: China, India, Libya.

Sokwanele is coordinating the petitions to various authorities and have an "contact action database" on their site listing email addresses.

Policiais da tropa de choque invadiram o quartel-general do MDC, o principal partido da oposição no Zimbábue e prenderam dezenas de ativistas em Harare, nesta sexta-feira.

Centenas de pessoas haviam se refugiado no local desde as eleições gerais de 29 de março, depois de relatos de que o governo estaria intensificando a repressão nas áreas rurais.

Segundo o porta-voz do MDC Nelson Chamisa, a polícia não explicou as razões da ação, mas um porta-voz da organização afirmou que eles estavam buscando suspeitos de ter cometido crimes nas áreas rurais.

A polícia também isolou a área em torno do quartel-general do MDC na capital e colocou os detidos em um ônibus.

O MDC afirma ter vencido as eleições presidenciais de março passado, mas os resultados oficiais ainda não foram divulgados.

O partido Zanu PF, do presidente Robert Mugabe, afirma que o mais provável é que seja necessário um segundo turno, já que nenhum dos dois candidatos teria obtido os 50% dos votos necessários para garantir a vitória já no primeiro turno.

O MDC venceu as eleições parlamentares, fazendo com que o Zanu PF perdesse o controle do parlamento pela primeira vez desde a independência, em 1980, mas a Comissão Eleitoral do Zimbábue está recontando os votos em 23 distritos, onde o resultado foi questionado.

O candidato à presidência do MDC, Morgan Tsvangirai, está fora do país há duas semanas, em uma viagem pela África na tentativa de convencer os líderes regionais a pressionar o presidente Mugabe a renunciar. Seus correligionários temem pela segurança dele na volta ao país.

Jurisprudência em Revista Ano I - n° 23

The BBC reported today that, top US envoy to the region, Jendayi Frazer, in South Africa at the start of a tour around Zimbabwe's neighbors to heap pressure on President Mugabe, said that Morgan Tsvangirai was the "clear victor" in the recent presidential election in the country.

The result of the election has still not been released.

Morgan Tsvangirai has left Zimbabwe amid fears over his life and leaders of the Anglican Church in the country have appealed to the international community to act before violence reaches "horrific" levels.

Read the rest of the story here.

Funsi Hash dan Kriptografi

Fungsi hash h adalah suatu fungsi yang paling tidak memenuhi dua properti berikut:

1. kompresi, h memetakan masukan x yang panjangnya sembarang, tetapi terbatas, ke keluaran h(x) yang panjangnya tetap.

2. mudah dihitung, untuk setiap x, h(x) mudah dihitung.

Secara esensial dalam kriptografi ada dua keluarga fungsi hash:

1. MAC (Message Authentication Codes), yaitu keluarga hash yang memerlukan kunci dan digunakan baik untuk otentikasi maupun pengecekan integritas suatu pesan.

2. MDC (Message Detection Codes), keluarga ini tidak memerlukan kunci dan hanya digunakan untuk pengecekan integritas.

Keluarga MDC lah yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk mendeteksi virus sederhana. Fungsi hash ini didesain sedemikian rupa sehingga memenuhi tiga properti berikut:

o Ketahanan prapeta. Untuk setiap y, seharusnya tidak mungkin (sulit secara komputasi) ditemukan x sehingga h(x) = y. Properti ini mengakibatkan bahwa fungsi hash harus tidak dapat dibalik.

o Ketahanan prapeta kedua. Untuk setiap x, seharusnya tidak mungkin ditemukan x’ sehingga h(x) = h(x’) dengan x ≠ x’. Dengan kata lain h(x) tunggal untuk setiap x.

o Ketahanan Tubrukan. Seharusnya tidak mungkin ditemukan x dan x’ yang berbeda sehingga h(x) = h(x’).

Properti pertama dan kedua berhubungan dengan integritas suatu masukan x, sedangkan properti ketiga berkaitan dengan kekuatan atau keamanan fungsi hash tersebut. Contoh fungsi hash yang banyak diaplikasikan adalah MD5 (Message Digest 5), sayangnya baru-baru ini ditemukan bahwa MD5 gagal di properti ketiga, sehingga MD5 dikatekorikan tidak aman. Meskipun demikian, kita masih tetap bisa memanfaatkan MD5 untuk mencari file-file yang sama, dalam hal ini si virus, karena properti ketiga itu tidak begitu diperlukan untuk kasus kita.

fungsi hash ini cukup sulit diimplementasikan, demi kemudahan kita bisa menggunakan TMessageDigest yang dapat digunakan dengan bebas, thx to the author.

Implementasi Multithreading pada Delphi

Jika kita menerapkan metoda multitreading pada suatu aplikasi berarti kita secara sadar telah membagi beberapa tugas yang dapat dikerjakan secara serentak dan saling bebas tereksekusi satu sama lain pada aplikasi itu. Masing-masing tugas itulah yang disebut thread. Windows API menyediakan banyak fungsi berkaitan dengan pembuatan dan sinkronisasi thread. Secara khusus Delphi menyediakan suatu objek yang mengapsulkan beberpa fungsi API tersebut bernama TThread. Objek ini sungguh mengefisienkan usaha pengodean kita untuk mengakses multithreading pada aplikasi windows.

Mengapa mulithreading? Pertanyaan ini mudah dijawab jika kita pernah mengalami window yang tidak mau merespon pesan klik yang disampaikan mouse kita pada suatu aplikasi. Hal ini terjadi karena window itu terlalu sibuk mengerjakan sesuatu, sehingga window itu memberikan pesan “Not Responding” sampai tugas yang memakan banyak waktu prosesor itu selesai. Contoh aplikasi multhitreading adalah ketika explorer sedang mengopi suatu file berukuran cukup besar yang memunculkan dialog proses pengopian: karena proses pengopian dibuat sebagai thread baru, maka explorer masih tetap mau merespon pesan-pesan yang disampaikan padanya. Jadi untuk proses-proses yang memakan banyak waktu sampai selesai dapat dilakukan pada thread yang terpisah sehingga proses tetap berjalan di latar belakang dan meninggalkan window (jika aplikasi itu menggunakan window) yang masih responsif. Dalam hal pencarian virus, jelas bahwa aplikasi seperti ini akan memakan banyak resource khususnya waktu prosesor, sehingga akan lebih bijak jika kita mengaplikasikan multithreading padanya.

Untuk memanggil objek TThread, pada proyek yang sedang kita kerjakan, pilih menu

File > New > Other...

Pada tab New pilih ikon berjudul Thread Object.

Jika kita klik OK, maka Delphi akan membuatkan unit baru yang isinya kelas TThread. Pada unit inilah kita akan mengimplementasikan algoritma pencarian virus utama kita. Namai unit ini sebagai, misalnya, trCheckVir, sedangkan kelasnya kita namai checkVir. Deklarasi pada kelas ini adalah sebagai berikut:

checkVir = class(TThread) // nama kelas checkVir

private

fspath,fsMd, sFile: string; // jalur direktori, nilai MD5, file yang sedang diolah

fsSize, fsStop: integer; // ukuran file dan bendera untuk menyetop proses thread

// lihat propery pada scope publik.

protected

procedure Execute; override; // demi kepentingan inisiasi thread baru akan

// berkerja setelah Resume dipanggil yang memanggil

// method Execute ini

procedure CompPerDir(sCurDir: string); // kerja utama

procedure ProgressText; // indikasi thread sedang bekerja

public

property sPath:string read fspath write fspath ;

property sMd:string read fsMd write fsMd;

property nSize: integer read fsSize write fsSize;

property nStop: integer read fsStop write fsStop;

property FilePath: string read sFile write sFile;

end;

Dalam kelas ini juga terdapat fungsi iIsVirus,

// masukan sFile, nama file yang akan diproses

// keluaran sFile, nama Virus dalam database, jika MD5(sFile) ada dalam database

function iIsVirus(var sFile: string): integer;

var

i: integer;

begin

// kembalian i, jumlah hasil pembandingan md5 yang sama

result:= 0;

// perhitungan MD5

if (iCalMD5(sFile) <> 0) then

exit;

// Database virus telah terdaftar di ListView2 pada window utama tab Virus List

for i:=dlgMain.ListView2.Items.Count -1 downto 0 do

begin

if (strIComp(PAnsiChar(dlgMain.ListView2.Items.Item[i].SubItems[1]), PAnsiChar(sFile)) = 0) then

begin

sFile:= dlgMain.ListView2.Items.Item[i].SubItems[0];

inc(result);

end;

end;

end;

Sedangkan iCalMd adalah fungsi yang memanggil objek TmessageDigest untuk menghitung nilai MD5 file yang nama – lengkap dengan jalur direktori – nya dijadikan masukan.

Ok proses utama thread selesai. Sekarang kita fokus ke window utama dan mengode pemicu dilarikannya thread checkVir kita. Dan pemicunya tidak lain adalah tombol btStart. Peranan tombol ini ada dua, yaitu memulai dan menyetop kerja thread checkVir, yang dikondisikan oleh caption si tombol. Prosedurnya adalah sebagai berikut,

procedure TdlgMain.btStartClick(Sender: TObject);

var

sPath: string;

begin

// jika caption-nya ‘Stop’ hentikan kerja thread

if (dlgMain.btStart.Caption = 'Stop') then

begin

threadob.nStop := 0;

// panggil rutin penghentian thread

// rutin ini juga dieksekusi ketika kerja thread selesai

dlgMain.EndProgress(Sender);

exit;

end;

// hapus semua daftar hasil pencarian sebelumnya

dlgMain.listView1.Clear;

// pilih direktori untuk memulai pencarian

if SelectDirectory('Select Directory to begin Searching',

'', sPath) then

// panggil thread

goScan(sPath);

end;

Dengan goScan prosedur yang khusus memanggil thread,

procedure TdlgMain.goScan(sDir: string);

begin

// ubah caption btStart dan set btPause sehingga enable

// btPause tombol yang menyetop sementara atau meneruskan kerja thread

dlgMain.btStart.Caption:= 'Stop';

dlgMain.btPause.Enabled:= true;

// buat thread checkVir dalam variabel threadob dalam scope global agar mudah dipanggil

// implementasi yang buruk, tetapi mudah diterapkan ;)

threadob := CheckVir.Create(true);

threadob.OnTerminate:= dlgMain.EndProgress;

threadob.sPath := sDir;

threadob.nStop := 1;

threadob.FreeOnTerminate := True; // hancurkan threadob ketika thread mati

threadob.Resume; // larikan thread di latar belakang

end;

Sedangkan kode pada saat btPause diklik mudah,

procedure TdlgMain.btPauseClick(Sender: TObject);

begin

if btPause.Caption = 'Pause' then

begin

btPause.Caption:= 'Resume';

threadob.Suspend;

end else

begin

btPause.Caption:= 'Pause';

threadob.Resume;

end;

end;

ok, sampai sini dulu ;)

btw, kenapa tidak coba anti virusnya sekarang? silakan ambil disini, source-nya menyusul jika tulisan ini sudah kelar O:-)

One of the headlines has been the national election in the Republic of Zimbabwe, Africa.
What is the status for the country and its population, who is Mugabe and has this crisis during election anything to do with me?

This is the current situation for the people of Zimbabwe:

- The country suffers from hyperinflation and has the world’s worst economy due to several errors of judgement in financial politics. One of many is the fact that the ZANU-PF – government regularly print money when the balance is low (again). This is self-perpetuating, cause when the population is aware that prices constantly increase, they don't dare to save their money and spend it as soon as they have some. - Tomorrow, the price might be doubled.
(The current price for a flight ticket from Harare to London is 150 mill. Zimbabwe Dollars)

- Hundreds and thousands of children and families are without a home because of Mugabe’s Operation Drive Out Trash. The military burned down all poor neighbourhoods in the cities and the people were driven out to the rural areas without job possibilites and acces to medical care.

- Due to the dictatorship and militant rule by Mugabe, no foreign countries wish to invest in developing aid – and only a few NGO’s dare to work in the country. This means that the development is extremely limited and that there are no official statistics about the current HIV/AIDS status. However experts fear an enourmous pandemic due to the missing attention to the disease.

The population of Zimbabwe is not violent by nature, but they do start to protest silently and the election has shown that the opposition, lead by Morgan Tsvangirai, Movement of Democratic Change is bigger and more supported than ever.

However, Robert Mugabe is still widely supported, especially on the country side. But how can a leader, that continues to make the conditions worse in his own country, maintain support from the population?

There is an unspoken and often forgotten truth about Robert Mugabe, that explains the 28 years of support to his rule.
In a biography, Mugabe's brother reveals that Mugabe was a very quiet child, often teased when he preferred to read in stead of playing. Getting older, he got involved in the ZANU party and as one of the front leaders he founded the Patriotic Front with another party. - They managed to defeat the British colonial rule, Mugabe became the liberating leader of Rhodesia in 1980, and named the new independent state, Zimbabwe.

In the period of transition from the colonial rule, Mugabe practiced a striking policy. Despite the usual procedures in Africa, Mugabe chose to focus on reconciliation instead of expulsion.

Mugabe announced:
"There will be space for everyone in this country, both winners and losers.... Zimbabwe will be build on solidarity. Let us forgive and forget. Let us establish new friendships" (Speech from 19998).

So, what many seem to forget – Mugabe actually started his political leadership being democratic and with great visions for his country.
In the early days of Zimbabwe, the european countries all wanted to support this flowering democratic leader.

Slowly – but surely – Robert Mugabe’s leadership changed. He went from a mission of solidarity and cooperation, to launching a one-party state, owning all medias and haunting down all critics.

Many theories has tried to explain what changed Mugabe, but several sources stress the death of his first wife (and political adviser) as the main reason for the drastic change in Mugabe's rhetoric and political practice.

Robert Mugabe became the liberator and national hero, but also a dictator in a one party rule.

As for the current election.
Today, several weeks after the election, Mugabe and ZANU-PF still haven't reveiled the results of the election.
Due to changes in the election procedures that made it possible to double check results, there are no doubt that MDC has won - the question is how much and if there should be a second round.

The enourmous support for MDC has probably been a surprise to Mugabe. He has been the leader of Zimbabwe for 28 years and he has no intention of an "early retirement". It is very likely that he is using the current time to plan how to overcome this situation. For one, he probably has to figure out how to avoid being taken to the court of Haag, for crimes against mankind.

The population is waiting patiently as the attention from the world media seems to fade out.

But is it fair that the population (again) await the result, most lokely to see Mugabe denie the election and stay in power?
The situation in Zimbabwe escalate every day, and the HIV/AIDS is out of control. Aren’t we obliged to stop what looks like a future genocide as we see it in other parts of the african continent?

When Britain occupied Zimbabwe with a minority rule, they build up a great political system - but left the country democraticly handicapped, due to the missing legislative assembly (that provides the population the possibility to participate). - The tradition of democratic rule is in it's westhern form non existent, so does that leave Britain with a special responsability - considering the colonial history?

The question stands: Should other countries or UN interfere with the national election proces in Zimbabwe in the name of humanity and democracy – though not invited?

We have experiences from Iraq, when it comes to "war in the name of democracy" - and those aren't exactly positive…

the equivalent of 100 US dollars on a scale in Harare on Wednesday, March, 5, 2008. (AP photo)

Mugabe needs to step down!

400 opposition supporters detained in Zimbabwe

South African dock workers refuse to unload 77 tons of Chinese weapons headed to Zimbabwe. Workers unite!

UPSET THE SETUP

I've been somewhat weak on posting this week so I promise this will pick up in coming weeks. I'm currently trying to find someone to help me with the film site and I'm trying to get over a brewing cold which has, unfortunately enough, just decided to come into full fruition. Anyway, here's some interesting political opinion and articles from the week.

Ariana Huffington argues that Hillary is doing McCain's job for him.

Bill Maher thinks it really is time to divorce Iraq.

Climate change is a potentially key strategic point for Democrats.

Muqtada al-Sadr is threatening all-out war until liberation is achieved.

John Dickerson joined Obama on his Pennsylvania campaign.

Hillary has really pissed of liberal bloggers following her comments about MoveOn.org.

So as not to make her feel left out, Obama made a the 'Bitter Cling' mis-step. Kim Strassel comments for The Wall Street Journal and you should check out the KCRW Left, Right and Center podcast for Bob Scheer's take on the situation. TalkLeft also has an interesting comparison of the comments alongside ones made by Clinton not too long ago.

The Washington Times discusses the problems facing the Republicans in winning their seats in the Senate.

What does McCain's red-hot temper make him?

We're coming into the final stretch for London's mayoral candidates.

Simon Jenkins thinks it's been a fantastic race and we should all have one.

The 10p tax is battering Brown.

John Rentoul thinks the PM is out of touch and out of control.

The situation in Zimbabwe is deteriorating.

The MDC says the recount is fixed.

It is also claiming mass arrests are being made.

It says also that ten members of its party have been killed since the elections.

Finally, The New York Times today published findings on an investigation into the Pentagon appointed military experts and analysts to aid its selling of the invastion of Iraq. For yet more reason to utterly despise Donald Rumsfeld and his entire tenure in power, read here. It is an absolute must-read.

MDC is holding a press conference in Johannesburg.

UN Secretary-General Bab Ki-Moon is in Accra today at a UN meeting.

ZANU-PF members are setting up torture camps to systematically target, beat, and torture people suspected of having voted for the MDC in last month's elections. 

According to the report, Human Rights Watch has interviewed more than thirty people in the last two days, who have sustained serious injuries from beatings. The report contends that those targeted for attack are rounded up at night, brought to informal detention centers, and beaten for hours with wooden sticks and army batons. 

The report goes on to state:

ZANU-PF officials are calling the crackdown Operation Makavhoterapapi, or “Where did you put your cross?” There seem to be two aims to this organized violence: to punish people for having voted for the MDC and to intimidate them to vote for ZANU-PF if there is a presidential run-off. 

At least a respected agency is documenting the human rights abuses, since nothing is being done to stop them from happening. 

It’s time for the world to start pressuring Mr Mbeki. It’s obvious he has lost the confidence of one of the parties he’s supposed to be mediating, as MDC leader Morgan Tsvangirai has already asked him to step aside. It’s a pretty clear-cut case of favouritism for Robert Mugabe.

Mr Mbeki's “quiet diplomacy” clearly has not been working as the recent developments — e.g. accusations of treason against Morgan Tsvangirai — have shown. If quiet diplomacy was working, that wouldn’t have happened. Thabo Mbeki is complicit in the Zimbabwe situation and will be complicit if any violence breaks out — which is surely why the arms are being shipped to the government in Harare? If Mugabe is to go, Mbeki has to go first, at least as ‘mediator’ in this conflict.

MDC (Marine Diving Club) Kelautan Undip salah satu UKM yang bergerak dibidang konservasi terumbu karang bekerja sama dengan media UNDIP MANUNGGAL dan media massa TEMPO pada tanggal 7 – 8 April 2008 melaksanakan Pelatihan Jurnalistik. Kegiatan ini diikuti oleh peserta luar maupun Anggota Marine Diving Club. Jumlah peserta yang mengikuti Pelatihan Jurnalistik ini sekitar 70 orang. Topik yang dibahas dalam kegiatan Pelatihan Jurnalistik ini adalah: Dasar-dasar Jurnalistik yang dibawakan oleh Sdr. Bambang Rakhmanto dan Rosnah Indartiningsih (wartawan Manunggal), Menulis di Media Massa yang dibawakan oleh Bpk. Rafiudin (wartawan TEMPO), dan Fotografi di Media Massa yang dibawakan oleh Bpk. Budi Purwanto (wartawan TEMPO). Untuk memeriahkan dan memberikan peran terhadap peserta diadakan juga Pameran Fotografi dan Alat Selam, Musik Akustik serta donor darah (oleh PMI). Antusiasme peserta diwujudkan dengan mengikuti acara secara serius dan tertib.

Diharapkan dengan diadakan kegiatan ini peserta dapat mempublikasikan karya tulisnya di media massa. Memberikan informasi secara luas tentang lingkungan sekitar dan kondisi yang aktual. Sehingga adanya peningkatan dari masyarakat berupa pemikiran dan tindakan-tindakan yang lain...sekarang... (Rudy_XIII).